What is 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring (pH meter) in children? How is 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring (pH meter) performed in children?

Fast Facts About 24-Hour pH Probe Study

• The 24-hour pH probe study is a test that uses a thin probe or tube placed in the esophagus or food pipe that connects the mouth to the stomach to help your doctor diagnose and treat acid reflux.
• Your child must eat breakfast by 7 a.m. On the day of the test, he or she may have clear liquids until 10 a.m.
• Placement of the probe takes only about 10 minutes, but readings are taken over a 24-hour period. For this reason, an overnight hospital stay is required. 

What Is a 24-Hour pH Probe Study?

A pH probe study is a test to measure the amount and seriousness of acid juices that may be backing up into your child’s esophagus (ee-SOFF-a-gus), the tube in the neck that food passes through on its way to the stomach. The purpose of the test is to see if your child has acid reflux and help your doctor decide how to best treat it.

• A very thin probe will be passed through the nose and into the esophagus. An X-ray will help make sure the probe is in the right place.
• The probe is connected to a small monitor that will record acid levels over a 24-hour period. 
• Information from the test gives ­doctors detailed information about your child’s acid reflux that cannot be learned from a physical examination or other kinds of tests. 

Home Preparation

• On the day of the test, your child should eat a normal breakfast before 7 a.m. Your child may have clear liquids until 10 a.m.
• Follow your doctor’s specific orders about whether or not your child should take his or her medicines before the test.

Pack a small bag of clothing and items of special interest to your child, such as books, videotapes and toys, to keep him or her busy during the overnight stay. You may also bring along a "comfort" item — such as a favorite stuffed animal or "blankie" — for your child to hold during the placement of the probe.  

A Parent’s/Guardian’s Role During the Test

We welcome your help and support during this test. One of the most important roles of a parent or guardian is to help your child stay calm and relaxed before and after the test. The easiest way to do this is for you to stay calm.

• We encourage you to talk to your child and hold his or her hand before the probe is placed. 
• Placement of the probe involves the use of X-rays. Women who are pregnant or believe they may be pregnant should limit exposure to X-rays. In this case, please bring another adult who can stay with your child during the placement of the probe.
• Please do not distract the medical team or interrupt the test in any way.
• We welcome your questions, but please ask them either before or after the test. 

The Test

• The 24-hour pH probe test will be done while your child is an inpatient for an overnight stay at Children’s Hospital.
• Your child will be called to an examination room and you will be asked some screening questions by one of the doctor’s assistants or nurses.
• Any questions or concerns about your child’s test can be asked at this time. 
• Your child will be asked to remove any jewelry he or she might have on and give it to you. He or she also will be asked to change into a hospital gown.
• Your child will be taken to the Pediatric Radiology Department at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC.
• The placement of the pH probe will be done in the Radiology Department.
• The pH probe is a thin tube about the size of a cooked spaghetti noodle that is soft and bends easily.
• The end of the probe is placed through the nose and into in the esophagus. The probe will be taped to your child’s cheek to prevent it from moving and making your child uncomfortable during the test.
• The probe is connected to a small computer that records pH or acid levels for 24 hours. Testing will begin once your child returns to his or her hospital room. 

During the 24-Hour Hospital Stay

Once the probe has been placed, your child will be taken to a hospital room where he or she will stay for 24 hours.

• The parent or guardian staying with the child will be asked to help keep him or her from pulling out the probe. If it is removed, the probe will have to be put in again or the test will be cancelled.
• A young child may need to have "No-No’s" put in place so he or she does not pull out the probe. These "No-No’s" are soft restraints that keep him or her from bending at the elbows.
• The parent or guardian who stays with the child will be asked to make notes related to the test as it is being done. Instructions for filling out the notes form will be given on the day of the testing. Written instructions will also be available in the room.
• While in the hospital, your child will need to eat lunch, dinner, a bedtime snack and breakfast the next morning.
• Eating is only allowed at meals and snack time. Your child may not eat anything in-between these times.
• We encourage you and your child to leave the room to take a walk or go to the playroom. 
• The probe will stay in place for 24 hours to record information about the acid juices in the esophagus and stomach.
• After breakfast the next day, a nurse will take out the probe. Taking out the probe is much easier than putting it in. 

Read More

Doç.Dr.E.Mahir Gülcan 14:19  No comment

What is liver biopsy in children? How is liver biopsy performed in children? ​

Fast Facts About Liver Biopsy

• A liver biopsy is done when a patient has an abnormal liver test to help the doctor figure out the cause of liver problems and the extent of the liver injury.
• A liver biopsy uses a needle that is passed quickly through the skin and into the liver to take out a very small sample of liver tissue so that it can be looked at under a microscope.
• Your child will be asleep for the test.
• There are special rules for eating and drinking in the hours before the test.
• The test itself takes only 20 to 45 minutes, but the entire appointment will take several hours. 
• If your child is young, he or she may need to stay in the hospital overnight after the test.

What Is a Liver Biopsy?

A liver biopsy allows the doctor to look at the liver tissue under the microscope. Not every child with an abnormal liver test will need a liver biopsy, but it is very useful when there are questions about the diagnosis or if the doctor needs to check for cirrhosis (seer-OH-siss) or scarring. The liver biopsy also allows the doctor to see the degree of inflammation (in-flah-MAY-shun) or swelling in the liver and which liver cells are most affected. The most common reasons for a liver biopsy are to look for causes of jaundice (JON-duss), which makes the skin and eyes look yellow; hepatitis (hep-uh-TITE-us) or liver cell inflammation; an enlarged liver; or abnormal liver function tests.

• Before the liver biopsy can be done, your child will have an ultrasound of the upper right side of his or her belly where the liver is located to determine the best place to do the liver biopsy. A soft-tipped marker will be used to place an "X" on your child’s skin at the spot right over the liver where the liver biopsy will be done.
• The pediatric GI doctor doing the biopsy will also look at and examine your child’s belly to confirm that the mark is in the right spot over the liver.
• The doctor will speak to you before the biopsy is performed to answer any questions and your child will then be taken to the room where the biopsy will be performed.
• After your child is asleep, the doctor will give an injection (shot) of pain-killing medication called an anesthetic (ann-ess-THET-ick) into the skin to numb the area.
• When the anesthetic has taken effect, a needle will be inserted quickly through the skin and into the liver.
• The doctor will draw out a small piece of your child’s liver tissue through the needle.
• This procedure may be repeated once or twice in order to get enough liver tissue for testing and examination.
• The liver tissue will be placed in a special preservative and taken to the pathologist (a specialist in the study of tissues). 
• The final result of the liver biopsy will not be available for several days, depending upon the number and types of tests that need to be performed on the liver tissue.

Fast Facts About General Anesthesia

To keep your child comfortable, the liver biopsy will be done while your child is under general anesthesia (an-ess-THEEZ-ya), meaning that he or she will be sound asleep during the test.

• A pediatric anesthesiologist — a doctor who specializes in anesthesia for children — will give the medications that will make your child sleep during the test. 
• Under general anesthesia, your child will not feel any pain or have any memory of the test.

Home Preparation

When general anesthesia is needed, there are important rules for eating and drinking that must be followed in the hours before the test. One business day before your child’s test, you will receive a phone call from a nurse between the hours of 1 and 9 p.m. (Nurses do not make these calls on weekends or holidays.) Please have paper and a pen ready to write down these important instructions.

• The nurse will give you specific eating and drinking instructions for your child based on your child’s age. Following are the usual instructions given for eating and drinking. No matter what age your child is, you should follow the specific instructions given to you on the phone by the nurse.

For children older than 12 months:

• After midnight the night before the test, do not give any solid food or non-clear liquids. That includes milk, formula, juices with pulp, chewing gum or candy.

For infants under 12 months:

• Up to 6 hours before the scheduled arrival time, formula-fed babies may be given formula. 
• Up to 4 hours before the scheduled arrival time, breastfed babies may nurse.

For all children:

• Up to 2 hours before the scheduled arrival time, give only clear liquids. Clear liquids include water, PedialiteTM, Kool-Aid® and juices you can see through, such as apple or white grape juice.
• In the 2 hours before scheduled arrival time, give nothing to eat or drink.

Your child’s procedure will be cancelled if these instructions are not followed.

If Your Child Is Having General Anesthesia

Before your child’s liver biopsy, a member of the anesthesia staff will meet with you to take your child’s vital signs, weight and medical history. As the parent or legal guardian, you will be asked to sign a consent form before the anesthesia is given.

• The anesthesiologist will meet with you and your child to review your child’s medical information and decide which kind of sleep medication your child should get. 
• If your child is very scared or upset, the doctor may give a special medication by mouth to help him or her relax. This medication is flavored and takes effect in 10 to 15 minutes. 
• Your child will be moved to the operating room to receive the sleep medication and you will be taken to the family waiting room.
• Younger children will get their sleep medication through a mask that will carry air mixed with medication. Your child may choose a favorite scent to flavor the air flowing through the mask. There are no shots or needles used while your child is still awake. 
• Older children may choose between getting their medication through the mask or directly into a vein through an intravenous (IV) line. 
• If it has not already been done, an IV will be started so that medication can be given to keep your child sleeping throughout the test. While your child is asleep, his or her heart rate, blood pressure, temperature and blood oxygen level will be checked continuously.
• Your child may have a breathing tube placed while he or she is asleep. If a breathing tube is used, your child may have a sore throat after the test.
• To keep your child asleep during the test, he or she may be given anesthetic medication by mask, through the IV tube or both. When the test is over, the medications will be stopped and your child will begin to wake up.

A Parent’s/Guardian’s Role During the Test

We welcome your help and support during this test. One of the most important roles of a parent or guardian is to help your child stay calm and relaxed before and after the test. The easiest way to help your child stay calm is for you to stay calm.

The Test

• Your child’s liver biopsy will be scheduled through the Same Day Surgery Center at Children’s Hospital. The Same Day Surgery Center will call you the day before your child’s liver biopsy to give you your arrival time and go over the eating and drinking instructions. 
• You and your child should come to the Same-Day Surgery Center to check in at your scheduled time. After checking in, your child will be sent to the Department of Pediatric Radiology at Children’s Hospital to have an ultrasound. 
• Your child will be awake for the ultrasound. An ultrasound is a safe test done on the outside of the body and does not hurt. 
• The radiologist will use a gel and a wand on your child’s belly to locate the position of your child’s liver. Using the pictures from the ultrasound machine, the radiologist will make a mark on your child’s skin to let the G.I. doctor know where the liver is located under the skin.
• After the ultrasound, your child will be taken to an exam room, where you will meet the anesthesiologist to discuss the sleep medication your child will receive. 
• When it is time for the test to begin, your child will be moved to the operating room. 
• In the operating room, the anesthesiologist will give your child the anesthesia medicine to make him or her sleep throughout the entire liver biopsy.
• Once your child is asleep, the doctor will find the mark made by the radiologist, and also will examine your child’s belly to be sure the liver is directly under the mark.
• The doctor will clean the skin on the belly and inject a "local anesthetic," which is a type of medication that numbs the area right around the injection site.
• When the local anesthetic has taken effect, the doctor will use a needle to take out a small piece of your child’s liver tissue. This part of the test is over quickly.
• After the tissue sample has been taken, the anesthesia ­medication will be stopped and your child will be taken to the recovery room. 
• A bandage will be placed over the site of the liver biopsy. When the bandage is removed the following day, you will see only a small "dot" where the needle entered the skin. 
• The doctor will come to the surgical family waiting room to speak with you as soon as your child is moved to the recovery room.

Waking Up/ Going Home

• When the biopsy is done, you will be called to the room to be with your child as the sleep medications wear off. The length of time it will take the medications to wear off will vary, as some children take longer than others to become alert.
• Your child will have no memory of the biopsy. 
• Your child will be resting on the side where the liver biopsy was performed. This position allows for a little extra pressure to be placed on the biopsy site. 
• Children coming out of anesthesia may react in different ways. Your child may cry, be fussy or confused, feel sick to his or her stomach, or vomit. These reactions are normal and will go away as the anesthesia wears off. 
• It is more important to help your child relax and feel calm than to worry about him or her lying on the side where the liver biopsy was done.
• Every child who has a liver biopsy will have a blood count done about 4 hours after the liver biopsy. When the results of the blood count come back, we will determine whether your child can be discharged from the hospital.
• When your child is discharged, he or she may still be groggy and should take it easy for the day. 
• Young children are often scheduled to remain in the hospital overnight for more extended monitoring after a liver biopsy. The decision for an overnight stay is made prior to the liver biopsy on a case-by-case basis.

Read More

Doç.Dr.E.Mahir Gülcan 14:06  No comment

What is colonoscopy in children? How is colonoscopy performed in children?

Fast Facts About Colonoscopy

• A colonoscopy is a test to see the large intestine, lower part of the rectum, colon, and lower end of the small intestine.
• Home preparation and diet restrictions are required prior to your child's procedure.
• Your child will be asleep for the test.
• The test takes 45–90 minutes.

What Is a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy (cole-en-AH-sco-pee) is a test that allows your doctors to see the inside of the lower part of the rectum, colon and lower end of the small intestine.

• A high-quality video chip works as a camera to send pictures through a thin, ­bendable tube called an ­endoscope (EN-doe-scope).
• If your doctor decides to look at the top few inches of the large intestines, this procedure is called a sigmoidoscopy (sig-moyd-AH-sco-pee). 
• Both the colonoscopy and ­sigmoidscopy are done by passing the scope through the anus into the large ­intestine. 
• The pictures sent by the video chip show information about your child’s colon and intestinal tract that cannot be determined from a physical examination or other kinds of tests.
• The pictures may show swelling, ulcers, bleeding, polyps (PAW-lips) or small growths, and other changes that may not show up on other tests. With the endoscope, your child’s doctor also can test for infection, and possibly determine the cause of swelling or irritation.  

Fast Facts About Anesthesia

Most colonoscopies are done while your child is under general anesthesia, meaning that they are sound asleep during the test.

• An anesthesiologist — a doctor who specializes in anesthesia — will give the medications that will make your child sleep during the test. 
• Under general anesthesia, your child will not feel any pain or have any memory of the test.

Occasionally, the colonoscopy may be done while your child is under sedation, meaning that your child will be given medication to make him or her very drowsy and relaxed during the test. When sedation has been used, your child may not even remember having had the test. If your child receives sedation, the doctor doing your child’s test will give the sedation medication. Your child’s doctor will decide if your child should have general anesthesia or sedation. 

Home Preparation

Your doctor will give colon prep instructions, specific for your child, at the time the colonoscopy is recommended. Please read these instructions closely. The success of this test to diagnose your child's condition depends on the complete clean-out of your child's colon.

Additionally, you will be contacted by a GI nurse the week before your scheduled procedure to review and clarify these instructions with you.

On the day before your appointment, you will receive a phone call informing you when to arrive at the hospital for your child's procedure by a Same Day Surgery nurse. These calls are made in the afternoon and evening hours. If you are not at home, a message can be left on an answering machine with these instructions.

The nurse will instruct you on when your child must stop taking anything by mouth, and which medications, if any, are allowed the morning of your child's procedure.

Please have a pen and paper ready to write down these instructions, as it is very important that you understand and follow all directions to avoid cancellation or delay of your child's test.

If your child is on an antibiotic, or becomes ill with a fever or cough within three days of the scheduled test, please call us at 412-692-5944. In some cases, the test may need to be rescheduled. 

What is allowed on a clear liquid diet:Beverages: Apple, grape, cranberry, cranapple juices; fruit-­flavored drinks; sports drinks, Gatorade^®, PowerAde^®, clear tea, carbonated drinks (soda or pop)
Desserts: Popsicles^® or frozen fruit-flavored bars with no pulp, plain Jello^®, water ices
Soups: Fat-free broth, fat-free bouillon
Other: Salt, sugar, jelly, honey, plain hard sugar candy in small amounts 

Do not be alarmed if your child has diarrhea. Diarrhea is normal with a clear liquid diet and is necessary to clean out the bowels in order for your child’s doctor to see the colon clearly during the test.

If Your Child Is Having General Anesthesia

Once your child has been registered for the test, a member of the anesthesia staff will meet with you to take your child’s vital signs, weight and medical history. As the parent or legal guardian, you will be asked to sign a consent form before the anesthesia is given.

• The anesthesiologist will meet with you and your child to review your child’s medical information and decide which kind of sleep ­medication your child should be given. 
• If your child is very scared or upset, the doctor may give a special medication to help him or her relax. This medication is flavored and takes effect in about 10 to 15 minutes.
• If you wish, you may go with your child to the room where the test will be done and stay as the sleep medication is given. 
• Younger children will get their sleep medication through a mask that will carry air mixed with medication. Your child may choose a favorite scent to flavor the air flowing through the mask. There are no shots or needles used while your child is still awake. 
• Older children may choose between getting their medication through the mask or directly into a vein through an intravenous (IV) line. 
• When your child has fallen asleep, you will be taken to the waiting room. If it has not already been done, an IV will be started so that medication can be given to keep your child sleeping throughout the test. While your child is asleep, his or her heart rate, blood pressure, temperature and blood oxygen level will be checked continuously.
• Depending on the test being done, your child may have a breathing tube placed while he or she is asleep. If a breathing tube is used, your child may have a sore throat after the test.
• To keep your child asleep during the test, he or she may be given anesthetic medication by mask, through the IV tube or both. When the test is over, the medications will be stopped and your child will begin to wake up.

If Your Child Is Having Sedation

Once your child has been registered for the test, a nurse will meet with you to take your child’s vital signs, weight and medical history.  As the parent or legal guardian, you will be asked to sign a consent form before the anesthesia is given.

• Your child’s doctor will decide which type of sedation medication is right for your child, depending on your child’s age, medical history and the type of test being done. 
• Sedation medication may be given by mouth, through the nose, into the rectum, or directly into a vein through an intravenous (IV) line.  There are no inhaled medications given.  
• The medication will work in one of two ways:  In one dose that takes effect slowly and lasts throughout the test, or in a continuous dose throughout the test.  
• You may stay with your child until he or she is very drowsy.  You will be taken to the waiting room when the test is ready to begin.
• During the test, your child’s heart rate, blood pressure, temperature and blood oxygen level will be checked continuously.  

The Test

Your child’s colonoscopy will be scheduled at either Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC in Lawrenceville, Children's South in Bethel Park, or Children’s North in Wexford. Your doctor will decide which facility is best for your child’s procedure.

• Once your child is asleep, the endoscope is passed through the anus through to the end of the colon. Usually the doctor also will pass the scope into the last part of the small intestine.
• Each area is looked at by the doctor, and pictures are taken for your child’s records. You will get a copy of the pictures.
• The doctor may take tiny samples of tissue from each area. 
• Tissue samples will be sent to a laboratory and looked at under a microscope to check for infections or other changes in the tissues that were not seen with the endoscope.
• Several days later, your doctor will call you with the results of the test.  

A Parent’s/Guardian’s Role During the Test

We welcome your help and support during this test. One of the most important roles of a parent and/or guardian is to help your child stay calm and relaxed before and after the procedure. The easiest way to do this is for you to stay calm. 

Read More

Doç.Dr.E.Mahir Gülcan 22:40  1 comment

What is endoscopy in children? How is endoscopy performed in children?

Fast Facts About EGD/Endoscopy

• An EGD is a test to see inside the esophagus, the stomach and the first part of the duodenum.
• Your child will be asleep for the test.
• There are special rules for eating and drinking in the hours before the test.
• The test takes 20 to 45 minutes. 

What Is an EGD?

An EGD or endoscopy is a test that allows your doctor to see inside the esophagus (ee-SOFF-a-gus), the tube that carries swallowed food to the stomach; the stomach; and the first part of the duodenum (dew-oh-DEEN-um), the beginning of the small intestine. It is used to look for swelling, irritation, ulcers and bleeding that can’t be seen in other tests, such as X-rays. With the endoscope, your doctor also can check for infection and possibly see the cause of swelling or irritation.

• A high-quality video chip works as a camera to send pictures through a soft, bendable tube called an endoscope (END-o-scope). 
• As the endoscope is ­gently passed through the mouth and down through the esophagus, the picture is shown on a small TV screen that allows the doctor to see changes in the esophagus, stomach and upper intestine.

In order to make this test as comfortable as possible for your child, most EGD tests are done with anesthesia (an-es-THEEZ-ya), medicine that will allow your child to sleep through the test. Your doctor will tell you whether you child will have a sedation (se-DAY-shun) anesthesia or general anesthesia for this test. 

Fast Facts About General Anesthesia

Most EGD tests are done while your child is under general anesthesia, meaning that he or she will be sound asleep during the test.

• A pediatric anesthesiologist—a doctor who specializes in anesthesia for children—will give the medications that will make your child sleep during the test. 
• Under general anesthesia, your child will not feel any pain or have any memory of the test.

Occasionally, the EGD may be done while your child is under sedation, meaning that your child will be given medication to make him or her very drowsy and relaxed during the test. Although your child will not be fully asleep, he or she probably will not even remember the test afterwards. If your child receives sedation, the doctor doing your child’s test will give the sedation medication. 

Home Preparation

When sedation or general anesthesia is needed, there are important rules for eating and drinking that must be followed in the hours before the test. One business day before your child’s test, you will receive a phone call from a nurse between the hours of 1 and 9 p.m. (Nurses do not make these calls on weekends or holidays.) Please have paper and a pen ready to write down these important instructions.

• The nurse will give you specific eating and drinking instructions for your child based on your child’s age. Following are the usual instructions given for eating and drinking. No matter what age your child is, you should follow the specific instructions given to you on the phone by the nurse.

For children older than 12 months:

• After midnight the night before the test, do not give any solid food or non-clear liquids. That includes milk, formula, juices with pulp, chewing gum or candy.

For infants under 12 months:

• Up to 6 hours before the scheduled arrival time, formula-fed babies may be given formula. 
• Up to 4 hours before the scheduled arrival time, breastfed babies may nurse.

For all children:

• Up to 2 hours before the scheduled arrival time, give only clear liquids. Clear liquids include water, PedialyteTM, Kool-Aid® and juices you can see through, such as apple or white grape juice.
• In the 2 hours before scheduled arrival time, give nothing to eat or drink. 

If Your Child Is Having General Anesthesia

Once your child has been registered for the test, a member of the anesthesia staff will meet with you to take your child’s vital signs, weight and medical history. As the parent or legal guardian, you will be asked to sign a consent form before the anesthesia is given.

• The anesthesiologist will meet with you and your child to review your child’s medical information and decide which kind of sleep medication your child should be given. 
• If your child is very scared or upset, the doctor may give a special medication to help him or her relax. This medication is flavored and takes effect in 10 to 15 minutes. 
• If you wish, you may go with your child to the room where the test will be done and stay as the sleep medication is given. When your child has fallen asleep, you will be taken to the waiting room.
• Younger children will get their sleep medication through a mask that will carry air mixed with medication. Your child may choose a favorite scent to flavor the air flowing through the mask. There are no shots or needles used while your child is still awake. 
• Older children may choose between getting their medication through the mask or directly into a vein through an intravenous (IV) line. 
• When your child has fallen asleep, you will be taken to the waiting room. If it has not already been done, an IV will be started so that medication can be given to keep your child sleeping throughout the test. While your child is asleep, his or her heart rate, blood pressure, temperature and blood oxygen level will be checked continuously.
• Your child may have a breathing tube placed while he or she is asleep. If a breathing tube is used, your child may have a sore throat after the test.
• To keep your child asleep during the test, he or she may be given anesthetic medication by mask, through the IV line or both. When the test is over, the medications will be stopped and your child will begin to wake up.

If Your Child Is Having Sedation

Once your child has been registered for the test, a nurse will meet with you to take your child’s vital signs, weight and medical ­history. As the parent or legal guardian, you will be asked to sign a consent form before the anesthesia is given.

• Your child’s doctor will decide which type of sedation medication is right for your child, depending on your child’s age, medical history and the type of test being done. 
• Sedation medication may be given by mouth, through the nose, into the rectum, or directly into a vein through an intravenous (IV) line. There are no inhaled medications given. 
• You may stay with your child until he or she is very drowsy. You will be taken to the waiting room when the test is ready to begin.
• During the test, your child’s heart rate, blood pressure, ­temperature and blood oxygen level will be checked ­continuously. 

A Parent’s/Guardian’s Role During the Test

We welcome your help and support during this test. One of the most important roles of a parent or guardian is to help your child stay calm and relaxed before and after the test. The easiest way to help your child stay calm is for you to stay calm. 

The Test

Your child’s EGD will be scheduled either at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC or at Children’s North in Wexford. Your child’s doctor will decide which facility is most appropriate for your child’s test, depending on the type of anesthesia that has been chosen for your child. The location of your child’s test will be confirmed by a phone call from the scheduling nurse.

• Once your child is sedated or asleep, the endoscope will be passed through the mouth, down the esophagus, into the stomach and, finally, the first part of the duodenum. 
• Each area is looked at by the doctor, and pictures are taken for your child’s records. You will get a copy of the pictures. 
• The doctor may take very tiny samples of tissue from each area. 
• Tissue samples will be sent to a laboratory and looked at under a microscope to check for infections or other changes in the tissue that were not seen with the endoscope. 
• The test takes about 20 to 45 minutes. 

Waking Up/Going Home

• When the test is done, you will be called to the room to be with your child as the medications wear off. The length of time it will take the medications to wear off will vary, as some ­children take longer than ­others to become alert.
• Children coming out of anesthesia may react in different ways. Your child might cry, be fussy or confused, be sick to his or her stomach, or vomit. These reactions are normal and will go away as the anesthesia wears off. 
• When your child is discharged, he or she may still be groggy and should take it easy for the day.  

Read More

Doç.Dr.E.Mahir Gülcan 22:24  No comment